Beyond Negative Peace: A Comparative Analysis of Preventive Diplomacy in Qur'anic Jurisprudence and the UN Charter

منفی امن سے آگے: قرآنی فقہ اور اقوام متحدہ کے چارٹر میں تدارکی سفارت کاری کا تقابلی جائزہ

Abstract

This article explores the Quranic foundations of international conflict resolution, presenting a comprehensive comparative analysis with modern international laws such as the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). While contemporary legal frameworks primarily focus on "negative peace", the mere absence of armed conflict, the Quran advocates for "positive peace" by actively addressing the psychological, socio-economic, and political root causes of violence. Through a detailed examination of principles like the absolute sanctity of human life, socio-economic equity, and the strict observance of international treaties (Pacta Sunt Servanda), this paper argues that the Quranic paradigm offers a more holistic, moral, and enforceable mechanism for global harmony. Contemporary geopolitical crises, including the failures of the UN Security Council's veto system and the devastating impacts of modern proxy wars, are critically evaluated against the Quranic concept of absolute justice, diplomacy, and deterrence. Ultimately, the study concludes that integrating these timeless Quranic principles, which emphasize both individual moral purification and equitable statecraft, is essential for achieving sustainable global peace and resolving modern international conflicts.