The Concept and Role of Al-‘Afw (Surplus Wealth) in Islamic Economics

The concept of al-‘Afw (surplus wealth) holds a significant place in Islamic economic thought, representing a fundamental mechanism for achieving socio-economic justice and human welfare. Islam envisions an economic framework in which wealth is not concentrated in a few hands but circulates fairly across all segments of society. The Qur’anic principle of al-‘Afw encourages individuals to spend beyond their basic needs for the collective benefit of the community, particularly the underprivileged. This study explores the conceptual foundations, practical implications, and ethical dimensions of al-‘Afw as outlined in the Qur'an and Sunnah. It argues that the Islamic economic system is inherently welfare-oriented, with surplus wealth serving as a tool to bridge economic disparities, reduce poverty, and foster social solidarity. Furthermore, the research highlights that Islamic financial ethics promote responsible earning, transparent trade, and charitable spending (infāq), all of which are anchored in God-consciousness (taqwā) and a sense of accountability in the Hereafter. By analyzing primary sources and classical juristic interpretations, this paper demonstrates that al-‘Afw is not merely a moral ideal but a structural component of Islamic economic policy aimed at realizing comprehensive human development.