The Intellectual and Practical Role of Pīr Meher ʻAlī Shāh in the Refutation of Qadianism

ردِقادیانیت میں پیرمہر علی شاہ کا علمی وعملی کردار

Abstract

Abstract

This study examines the intellectual and practical role of Pīr Meher ʿAlī Shāh in the refutation of Qadianism (Ahmadiyya movement) during the late colonial period of the Indian subcontinent. It highlights his unique position as a Sufi-scholar who combined rigorous classical learning with spiritual authority and public engagement. On the intellectual level, the paper analyzes his scholarly critiques, most notably his reasoned response to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s doctrinal claims grounded in Qurʾān, Sunnah, consensus (ijmāʿ), and principles of Islamic theology and finality of prophethood (Khatm al-Nubuwwah). On the practical level, the study explores his role in mobilizing religious scholars, influencing public opinion, and safeguarding mainstream Sunni belief through debates, correspondence, and institutional support. The paper argues that Pīr Meher ʿAlī Shāh’s contribution represents a balanced model of scholarly refutation and ethical engagement, demonstrating how intellectual rigor, spiritual credibility, and social responsibility can effectively respond to doctrinal challenges. His approach not only countered Qadianism in his own time but also left a lasting impact on later movements defending Islamic orthodoxy in South Asia.