The Permissibility and Prohibition of Aquatic Animals: In the Light of Islamic Jurisprudence and Contemporary Halal Standards

بحری جانوروں کی حلت وحرمت: فقہ ِاسلامی اورمعاصرحلال معیارات کی روشنی میں

Abstract

The bounty of the natural world, including rivers and seas, has provided immense benefits to humanity. Among these, the consumption of marine life, especially the availability of fresh meat, addresses a key human need. For Muslims, adherence to Islamic dietary laws is essential, extending to the consumption of marine animals. While there is broad consensus among Islamic scholars on the permissibility of fish as Ḥalāl, considerable differences arise regarding the classification and permissibility of other aquatic animals. These variations span across different Islamic jurisprudential schools. In modern times, Ḥalāl certification bodies have been established to ensure compliance with Islamic guidelines for permissible foods. However, Halāl standards vary globally, reflecting the jurisprudential diversity of different regions. This paper provides a comparative analysis of juristic opinions and contemporary Ḥalāl certification standards regarding aquatic animals. It examines the differing views within Islamic law on permissible and prohibited marine life and explores how these differences shape modern Ḥalāl certification practices. The paper also emphasizes the need for collective ijtihād (juridical reasoning) to establish a unified global Ḥalāl standard, which could foster the international growth of the Ḥalāl food industry. Through prioritization of juristic diversity and practical recommendations, the study seeks to promote greater collaboration and standardization in the global Ḥalāl certification process.