Geographical Criticism of the Qur’ān and the New Covenant: A Critical and Geographical Analysis

قرآن اورعہدِجدیدکے مطاعن ِجغرافیہ:تنقیدی وجغرافیائی مطالعہ

Abstract

This study meticulously examines contemporary objections to the geography of the Qur’ān, notably those presented by ʻAbdullāh al-Fādi. Utilizing principles of debate, the article systematically rebuts claims related to the sunset, Earth's rotation, mountain stability, and astronomical concepts. Emphasizing the historical context, parallels are drawn with the challenges faced by Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) in Mecca, countering accusations of magic and human invention. The comparative analysis reveals a lack of substantive evidence in modern covenant objections, concluding with an encouragement for Muslims to engage in critical examination, thereby reinforcing trust in the Qur’ān's divine nature. The study advocates for a nuanced approach that accommodates both theological and scientific perspectives, urging contemplation of the limits of human understanding and fostering an appreciation for the sublime nature of the Creator.